Phonics and phonemic awareness are both important in the kindergarten and first grade classroom. These overlapping skill sets both need their own intentional instruction. Let’s check out some ideas on how to teach both!
Phonics and Phonemic Awareness- Are they the same?
Let’s first answer that question… phonics and phonemic awareness are not the same. Although similar in ways and each skill set can complement the other; phonics and phonemic awareness are two different types of literacy practice that should be happening in your classroom. Developing your students’ phonics knowledge throughout their time in the primary grades will lead to confident readers with proficient reading skills.
Phonemic Awareness
Phonemic awareness involves spoken sounds, without letters attached to the sound. When you ask your students to tell you the first sound in the word, dog and they reply with /d/; that is phonemic awareness. There is no letter attached to the /d/ sound at this moment. When students begin to connect and express that /d/ stands for the letter d, that becomes phonics practice. Phonemic awareness focuses on the smallest unit of speech – phonemes. Phonemes are just individual speech sounds. So, phonemic awareness is when students are working on articulating and manipulating individual speech sounds. Here are some examples using the word, dog.
- Phoneme Blending: blending phonemes (individual sounds) together to make one word /d/-/o/-/g/
- Phoneme Segmentation: breaking a word apart into phonemes. I would say the word, dog and the student would respond with /d/-/o/-/g/
- Phoneme Substitution: deleting a phoneme from a word and replacing it with another phoneme. I might say to a student “say dog”. Then I would say “Now change the /d/ to /h/.
- Phoneme Deletion: completely deleting a phoneme from a word to create a new word. It may sound like this, “Say the word cat without the /c/”.
Phonemic Awareness can be especially challenging for English language learners and also for students with learning differences such as dyslexia. Using picture cards and elkonin boxes are a great way to provide additional support to those with oral language impairments.
As you can gather from the examples above, phonemic awareness instruction doesn’t require manipulatives. However, if you are looking for some guidance and want to use manipulatives, Deanna Jump has some amazing phonemic awareness lessons and phonemic awareness tasks you can do with young children. Check out her phonemic awareness activities here:
You may be wondering about where rhyming, counting syllables, and word count play into your instruction. This leads us to phonological awareness.
Phonological Awareness
Phonological awareness is the big idea that phonemic awareness falls under. Just like I mentioned earlier, phonemic awareness is the focus on individual phonemes. Phonological awareness refers to sound work that is not on the phoneme level. Some great phonological awareness skills practice can take place during literacy centers after the foundational skill is taught. Here are a few examples of activities that can help students develop strong phonological awareness.
- Students are able to count and identify how many words are in a sentence. I love using our daily poetry to practice this skill, among many others!
- Students clap the number of syllables in a word.
- Students identify and produce rhyming words.
Nursery Rhymes are also a great way to practice phonological awareness. Especially, for younger children!
Phonics
During phonics instruction, we work to help students understand letter-sound relationships. Students need to know that phonemes have symbols that represent them… or that sounds have letters. All of the letter identification, letter sound, decoding, and encoding work is phonics. Students in the early grades need explicit phonics instruction. Working with students to identify each phoneme sound and the letter names that represent those phonemes is one way to provide phonics instruction to students. These touch, read, and write cards make this task simple.
Research also supports including letters when asking students to manipulate phonemes. So as soon as the students know some letters and sounds, be sure to include those written letters in your phonemic awareness instruction.
We also want to provide students with numerous opportunities and different ways to read decodable words. You can do this with the touch and write cards that you see above, as well as with many other different resources. Decodable texts are also a great way to practice those phonics skills.
Both phonemic awareness and phonics are important in reading development and should be taught to early learners. Research tells us that consistency in phonemic awareness and phonics instruction is more important than quantity. So, providing explicit instruction a few minutes every day can lead to student success in reading and writing. We made it simple for you to provide systematic phonics instruction to your young students. With detailed lesson plans and activities for each day, you can provide daily practice and feel confident that you are helping your students develop into successful readers. Check out our phonics curriculum here:
Here are a few more blog posts about phonics activities that you may be interested in.
- Science of Reading Literacy Games
- Printable Phonics Bingo Games
- Kindergarten Phonics Games & Activities
- Phonics Boom Cards
- Digital Phonics Activities for Kindergarten & First Grade
- Phonics Games for Kindergarten
Phonics Videos
Speaking of phonics, have you seen this video?
Want to read more about the Science of Reading?
- How To Teach Blending Letter Sounds And Word-Building In Kindergarten
- Tips On How To Teach A Kindergarten Interactive Read Aloud Lesson
- Phonics And Phonemic Awareness | Are They The Same?
- Are Guided Reading Lesson Plans Wrong? 5 Ways to Bring the Science of Reading into Your Classroom
- What Does a Science of Reading Lesson Plan Look Like? Free File Too